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Anti-Doping

The purpose of the IOF Anti-Doping Programme is to protect the athletes’ fundamental right to participate in doping-free sport.

The principles and values associated with clean sport

The IOF values are sustainable, inclusive and ethical. Ethical values naturally encompass clean sport. Aspects of clean sport include fairness, respect, honesty, determination and integrity.

Education

WADA’sAnti-Doping and Learning Platform(ADEL) offers access to all topics related to clean sport and Anti-Doping. It offers courses for athletes, coaches, doctors, administrators and anyone interested in learning more about anti-doping and protecting the values of clean sport.

ITA Athlete Hub

The IOF recommends regularly visiting the International Testing Agency’sAthlete Hubfor the latest news, articles and informational resources. TheResources sectionis also helpful if you are looking for a specific document.

ITA Monthly Webinars

All members of the IOF community are invited to take part in the ITAwebinar series. Each month, Anti-Doping experts or athlete guests discuss key Anti-Doping topics relevant to athletes and Athlete Support Personnel. All webinars are free and accessible to any interested member of the global sport community. The webinars are delivered in English with simultaneous translation to Arabic, French, Russian and Spanish.

Registration for each webinar opens 2-3 weeks prior to the live session on theITA Athlete Huband on the ITA social media channels. Previous webinars can also be viewed on the Athlete Hub.

Reveal Doping

REVEALis the ITA’s platform for reporting what you have seen, heard or experienced in acompletely anonymousandsecuremanner, while actively supporting the investigation of Anti-Doping rule violations or criminal behaviour.

Anti-Doping Rules

Rights and Responsibilities

Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other groups who are subject to Anti-Doping rules all have rights and responsibilities under theWorld Anti-Doping Code(Code). Part Three of the Code outlines these for each stakeholder in the Anti-Doping system.

It is especially important that athletes and Athlete Support Personnel know and understand Code Art. 21 (Additional Roles and Responsibilities of Athletes and Other Persons), particularly Art. 21.1 (Roles and Responsibilities of Athletes), Art. 21.2 (Roles and Responsibilities of Athlete Support Personnel) and Art. 21.3 (Roles and Responsibilities of Other Persons Subject to the Code).

Athletes’ Rights

This section presents a summary of the key athlete rights. It is important that both athletes and Athlete Support Personnel know and understand these.

Ensuring that athletes are aware of their rights and these are respected is vital to the success of clean sport. Athlete rights exist throughout the Code and International Standards and they include:

Equality of opportunity
Equitable and Fair Testing programs
Medical treatment and protection of health rights
Right to justice
Right to accountability
Whistleblower rights
Right to education
Right to data protection
Rights to compensation
Protected Persons Rights
Rights during a Sample Collection Session
Right to B sample analysis
Other rights and freedoms not affected
Application and standing

The Athletes’ Anti-Doping Rights Act sets out these rights and responsibilities. For more information, you can refer directly to the document here:Athletes’ Anti-Doping Rights Act.

Athletes’ Responsibilities

It is equally important that athletes are aware of their Anti-Doping responsibilities. Athlete Support Personnel should also familiarise themselves with these in order to be able to support their athletes. These include:

Not working with coaches, trainers, physicians or other Athlete Support Personnel who are ineligible on account of an ADRV, or who have been criminally convicted or disciplined in relation to doping (seeWADA’s Prohibited Association List)

Further details of these roles and responsibilities can be found inCodeArt. 21.1.

Athletes also have specific rights and responsibilities during the Doping Control Process. Please refer to this section below for more information on this.

Rights and Responsibilities of Athlete Support Personnel and other groups

Like athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and others under the jurisdiction of the IOF also have rights and responsibilities as per the Code. These include:

Being knowledgeable of Anti-Doping policies and rules which are applicable to you or the athlete(s) you support
Using your influence on athlete values and behaviours to foster Anti-Doping attitudes
Complying with all Anti-Doping policies and rules which are applicable to you and the athlete(s) you support
Cooperating with the athlete testing program
Disclosing to the IOF and their NADO whether you have committed any Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) within the previous ten years
Cooperating with anti-doping organisations investigating ADRVs

Further details of these roles and responsibilities can be found inCodeArt. 21.2 and 21.3.

The Principle of Strict Liability

In Anti-Doping, the principle of Strict Liability applies – if it is in the athlete’s body, the athlete is responsible for it.

这意味着ns that every athlete is strictly liable for the substances found in their urine and/or blood sample collected during doping control, regardless of whether the athlete intentionally or unintentionally used a prohibited substance or method. Therefore, it is vital that athletes and Athlete Support Personnel know the rules and understand their responsibilities under the Code.

Athletes must know and understand theProhibited Listand with the risks associated with supplement use. More information on the Prohibited List, medications and supplements is available in the Prohibited List, Medications & Supplements section (insert link to this section of the website).

Anti-Doping Rule Violations

Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the following Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) in line with Code Art. 2 (Anti-Doping Rule Violations):

Presenceof a prohibited substance in an Athlete’s sample
Use or attempteduse of a prohibited substance or method
Refusalto submit to sample collection after being notified
Failureto file Athlete Whereabouts information & missed tests
Tamperingwith any part of the doping control process
Possessionof a prohibited substance or method
Traffickinga prohibited substance or method
Administeringor attempting to administer a prohibited substance or method to an Athlete
Complicityin an ADRV
Prohibitedassociationwith sanctioned Athlete Support Personnel
Discourage or Retaliate其他人员报道相关的反兴奋剂information to the authorities.

The first four Anti-Doping Rule Violations apply only to athletes since they refer to the obligation not to take banned substances and the obligation to submit to testing.

The remaining seven Anti-Doping Rules apply to both the athletes and the Athlete Support Personnel including coaches, medical professionals, or anyone else working with the athlete or involved in Anti-Doping activities. National and International Federation administrators, officials and sample collection staff may also be liable for their conduct under the World Anti-Doping Code.

Substances and Methods on the Prohibited List

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) produces a list of substances and methods that are banned in sport in the form of theProhibited List. It is updated at least annually, with the new list taking effect on January 1 of each year.

It is important that athletes and Athlete Support Personnel are familiar with the Prohibited List and know how to check whether medications are prohibited in sport.

A substance or method can be added to the Prohibited List if it meets at least two of the following three criteria:

It has the potential to enhance or enhances sport performance.
Use of the substance or method represents an actual or potential health risk to the athlete.
Use of the substance or method violates the spirit of sport.

The Prohibited List includes substances and methods that are categorised into three groups:

Substances and methods prohibited at all times
Substances and methods prohibited in-competition
Substances prohibited in particular sports

According to the Code,the in-competition is the period commencing at 11:59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate through the end of such Competition and the Sample collection process related to such Competition.

The in-competition period is very important to understand when it relates to substances that are prohibited in-competition. When a substance is prohibited in-competition, it must leave the athlete’s system by the time the said competition begins. Itdoes notmean that the athlete must stop taking the substance by the time the in-competition period begins. Different substances take different amounts of time to leave the system – athletes must be extremely careful to make sure that they are not caught with a positive test as a result of taking a substance prohibited in-competition.

Checking Medications

We recommend usingGlobal Drug Reference Online(Global DRO) to check all medications. Global DRO provides athletes and Athlete Support Personnel with information about the prohibited status of specific medications based on the current World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List.

Here are a few tips and tricks to help athletes and Athlete Support Personnel navigate the Prohibited List and to be able to select medications that are safe to take within the context of sport:

Only the medical ingredient names are listed on the Prohibited List – not the brand names
Always check dosage restrictions, route administration of the medicine and any limitations for the use of the drug based on gender
Check both over-the-counter and prescription medications before using them
Inform your medical professional that you are an athlete and subject to anti-doping regulations
Different substances take different amounts of time to leave your system – take that into account when taking substances prohibited in-competition
Be careful when substituting one brand of medication for another – they may contain different medical ingredients
Be careful when travelling – the same brand of a medication may contain different medical ingredients abroad
Regularly check for updates to the Prohibited List

Risks of Supplements

Extreme caution is recommended regarding supplement use. A number of positive tests have been attributed to the misuse of supplements, poor labelling or contamination of dietary supplements, and there is no guarantee that a supplement is free from prohibited substances.

Risks of supplements include:

Manufacturing standards, which are often less strict compared with medicines. These lower standards often lead to supplement contamination with an undeclared prohibited substance;
Fake or low-quality products which may contain prohibited substances – and be harmful to health;
Mislabelling of supplements with ingredients wrongly listed and prohibited substances not identified on the product label;
Misleading and false claims that a particular supplement is endorsed by Anti-Doping Organisations or that it is “safe for athletes”. Anti-Doping Organisations do not certify supplements.

All athletes should do a risk-benefit assessment if they are considering the use supplements. The first step of such an assessment is to consider whether a “food-first” approach meets the athlete’s needs. Whenever possible, such assessment should be done with a support of a certified nutritionist or other qualified professional who is familiar with the global and IOF Anti-Doping rules.

Checking Supplements

If, after careful consideration, an athlete chooses to use supplements, they must take the necessary steps to minimise the risks. This includes:

Thorough research on the type and dose of the supplement, preferably with the advice of a certified nutritionist or other qualified professional who is familiar with the global and IOF Anti-Doping rules.
Selecting only those supplements that have been batch-tested by an independent company. Companies that batch-test supplements includeInformed Sport,Certified for SportorKölner Liste.

Remember, no supplement is 100% risk-free but athletes and Athlete Support Personnel can take certain steps to minimise these risks.

For more information, please watch thisITA webinaron nutritional supplements.

Testing Procedures

Introduction to Doping Control

The aim of testing is to detect and deter doping amongst athletes and to protect clean athletes. Any athlete under the testing jurisdiction of the IOF may be tested at any time, with no advance notice, in- or out-of-competition, and be required to provide a urine or a blood sample.

Athletes can be tested by the IOF, NADOs or Major Event Organisers. The IOF has delegated all Anti-Doping testing programs to the International Testing Agency (ITA). For more information on the IOF’s collaboration with the ITA, please visitthe ITA website.

What to expect during theDoping Control Process

The doping control process is clearly defined by theWorld Anti-Doping Agency. This means that no matter where and when an athlete is tested, the process should remain the same.

The key steps of the doping control process are listed out in thisDoping Control resourceprepared by the International Testing Agency (also available in Arabic (عربى), Chinese (中文), French (français), German (deutsche), Italian (italiano), Japanese (日本語), Korean (한국어), Portuguese (português), Russian (русский) and Spanish (español).

To learn more about the doping control process, please watch thisITA webinaron urine and blood sample collection.

Rights & Responsibilities during Sample Collection

Athletes have a number of rights and responsibilities during sample collection.

Athlete rights during sample collection are to:

Have a representative accompany them during the process
Request an interpreter, if one is available
Ask for Chaperone’s/Doping Control Officer’s identification
Ask any questions
Request a delay for a valid reason (e.g., attending a victory ceremony, receiving necessary medical attention, warming down or finishing a training session)
Request special assistance or modifications to the process
Record any comments or concerns on the Doping Control Form

Athlete responsibilities during sample collection are to:

Report for testing immediately if selected
Show valid identification (usually a government-issued ID)
Remain in direct sight of the Doping Control Officer or Chaperone
Comply with the collection procedure

Athlete Biological Passport (ABP)

TheAthlete Biological Passport(ABP) was introduced in 2009 and is a pillar method in the detection of doping. It is an individual electronic profile that monitors selected athlete biological variables that indirectly reveal the effects of doping. ABP is integrated directly into ADAMS.

If you wish to learn more about ABP, you can watch this ITAwebinar recording.

Requirements of the Registered Testing Pool

The Registered Testing Pool (RTP) is the pool of highest-priority athletes established separately at the international level by the IOF and at the national level by National Anti-Doping Organisations.

Athletes included in the IOF RTP are subject to both in-competition and out-of-competition testing as part of the IOF’s test distribution plan and are therefore required to provide Whereabouts information as provided in Code Art. 5.5 (Athletes Whereabouts Information) and theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations.

The IOF updates the composition of the RTP on a regular basis. Athletes are included in the RTP based on a set of criteria and are notified by the International Testing Agency upon inclusion.

Inclusion in the RTP is done via an Inclusion Letter – this document contains all the key information, deadlines and athlete’s responsibilities as it relates to athletes’ RTP obligations.

Whereabouts Requirements

RTP Athletes must regularly provide whereabouts and contact information inADAMS, WADA’s online Anti-Doping administration and management system. This information helps Anti-Doping Organisations with testing jurisdiction over the athlete to plan out-of-competition testing.

The Whereabouts requirements include but are not limited to:

An up-to-date mailing address and phone number
One daily specific 60-minute time slot between 5am and 11pm when the athlete is available and accessible for testing
Athlete’s overnight accommodation for each day
Information about training and regular activities that are part of the athlete’s regular routine (training at the gym, regular physio sessions, school, work, etc.)
Competition, training and travel schedule
Any additional relevant information that helps the Doping Control Officer locate the athlete (e.g., buzzer number or directions to a remote location)

Submitting late, inaccurate, or incomplete whereabouts information may result in a Filing Failure.

An athlete may receive a Missed Test if they are not available for testing during the 60-minute timeslot indicated in ADAMS. Three Whereabouts Failures (any combination of a Filing Failure and a Missed Test) occurring within a 12-month period will lead to an Anti-Doping Rule Violation and a potential two-year ban from sport.

重要的是要注意,在o原则f Strict Liability, the athlete remains responsible for the information submitted, even if they have delegated this task to a member of their support team.

Below are some helpful whereabouts tips for athletes:

Set a calendar reminder of the key dates/deadlines to submit quarterly Whereabouts information
Set an alarm for the start of the 60-minute time slot
Be as specific as possible when submitting your Whereabouts information
When in doubt, ask for help via the ITA or theADAMS Help Centre
Make use of theAthlete Central appto submit your Whereabouts information on a mobile device

Retirement and Return to Competition

All international level athletes who decide to retire from competition must inform the IOF. For RTP Athletes, as soon as the retirement is officially confirmed to the IOF, the athlete will be immediately withdrawn from the RTP.

如果运动员那么希望回到联赛n, this athlete cannot compete in international or national events until they have given six months prior written notice to the IOF (Code Art. 5.6: Retired Athletes Returning to Competition).

Consequences of Doping

There are many risks associated with doping. From negative effects on mental and physical health, to loss of sponsorship or prize money, to permanent damage to an athlete’s image and relationships, it is important to understand and consider all consequences of doping. Below is a list of some of the common consequences of not competing clean.

Health

除了物理方面,科学的再保险search has shown that there is a considerable correlation between the use of PEDs and mental health issues. Most commonly, it was found that the use of doping substances can trigger anxiety, obsessive disorders or psychosis.

Social

Doping has a significant negative impact on the person’s private life and social interactions as people may feel that they no longer want to be connected to someone who has damaged the reputation of a sport and displayed poor judgement.

Financial

A ban resulting from an Anti-Doping Rule Violation (ADRV) will have a significant financial impact on the individual. For athletes, this includes, but is not limited to, the requirement to return prize money or a financial sanction. Other negative consequences of doping include termination of contracts and sponsorship deals, loss of government funding and other forms of financial support.

Sanctions

An Anti-Doping Rule Violation (ADRV) will have an impact on an athlete’s ability to train and compete. For coaches and other Athlete Support Personnel, a ban may mean that they are no longer able to work with athletes. A sanction resulting from an ADRV can range from a warning to a lifetime ban from all sport.

It is also important to note that individuals banned in the sport of orienteering will also be prohibited from playing, coaching or working with athletes in any other capacity in a different sport.

It is also a violation of the Code to work with Athlete Support Personnel who have been sanctioned by an ADO, as well as any coaches, trainers, physicians or other Athlete Support Personnel who are ineligible on account of an ADRV, or those who have been criminally convicted or professionally disciplined in relation to doping.

A full list of sanctioned athletes and Athlete Support Personnel in the sport of orienteering can be found below in accordance with Code Art. 14.3 (Public Disclosure).

Table of Sanctions

Date of decision	Name	Role(e.g., Athlete/ coach)	Rule violation	Substance	Sanction	Ban commenced	Ban ends	Full decision(link to case)

Note: if the athlete or other person is a minor, no publication is required.

A full list of all Athlete Support Personnel who are currently suspended from working with athletes or other persons can be found onWADA’s Prohibited Association List.

Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)

What is TUE? Athletes may have illnesses or conditions that require them to take medications or undergo procedures. If the medication or method an athlete is required to use to treat an illness or condition is prohibited as per the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA)Prohibited Lista TUE may give that athlete the authorization to use that substance or method while competing without invoking an anti-doping rule violation (ADRV) and applicable sanction. Please seethe complete TUE Q&Afor more info.

All athletes in the IOF Registered Testing Pool, andall athletes taking part in IOF Major Events(in this context: World Cup, Senior World Championships, Junior World Championships, Senior Regional Championships, in any of the recognised disciplines)andneeding any medication/treatment that is on the WADA Prohibited list, must apply for a TUE from the IOF. (Other athletes should apply to their National Anti-Doping Organisation.)

智能油田委托负责所有星期二pplications to the International Testing Agency (ITA). This means that the ITA is now fully responsible for the TUE application process for all international-level athletes that fall under the IOF’s jurisdiction.Here you can downloadthe TUE form. More information about how, when and where to apply for a TUE can be found onthe ITA’s website.

Note: when submitting an TUE Application, all documentation must be submitted in English.

Recognition of National TUE
If an athlete already has a TUE granted by their National Anti-Doping Organisation for the substance or method in question, if that TUE meets the criteria set out in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, then the International Federation must recognize it. For this purpose, the athlete must submit a request for recognition to the ITA to evaluate the TUE. Your request for recognition should be submitted to the ITA’s International Therapeutic Use Exemption Committee (ITUEC) Submit in writing totue@ita.sportquoting your ADAMS TUE reference number.

If you have any questions regarding applying for a TUE, the recognition process, or any other question about TUEs, please contact:tue@ita.sport